Parental alienation is defined as a set of behaviors that are harmful and damaging to a child's emotional and mental health. It generally involves the mental manipulation and/or bullying of the child to pick between their mother or father. These behaviors can also result in destroying a loving and warm relationship they once shared with a parent.

Parental alienation and hostile aggressive parenting deprive children of their right to be loved by and showing love for both of their parents and extended family. Parental Alienation can occur in intact families, but is mostly seen in separated and divorced families.

Parents/guardians using alienation tactics to hurt the other 'target' parent have been compared to cult leaders. They deny access to anything that may challenge their view of the other parent, including any photographs, or communication.

Professionals agree that the problem exists and it's damaging to children, and can affect them into adulthood.

What is Parental Alienation Syndrome?

Parental alienation syndrome (PAS) is a psychological condition most often observed in children affected by high conflict divorce and/or separation. It is one of the most damaging outcomes affecting children as a result of exposure to PA or Hostile-Aggressive Parenting. The most common symptom of children affected by PAS is their severe opposition to contact with one parent and/or overt hatred toward such parent when there is little and often, no logical reason to explain the child's behavior. The effects of PAS can last well into adulthood and may last for a lifetime with tragic consequences.

Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS) is different from Parental Alienation (PA). PAS refers to the behaviors of the child, whereas PA describes the abusive behaviors of a parent or caregiver. There are many debates as to whether PAS exists or is 'Junk Science'. believes that is for the experts to decide, we concentrate on bringing awareness and education about the abusive behaviors of parents & caregivers, whether or not they cause PAS is not important, what is important is that the abuse be recognized and stopped.

How can it happen?

During the crisis of divorce, most parents fear whether their children will emerge unscathed. Any reasonable and empathetic parent sincerely believes in the value of his or her children having a healthy relationship with both parents. Ideally, parents deliberately work on comforting and reassuring the children that no harm will come to them. At the same time, both try to strengthen their parent-child relationships without degrading the other parent or causing the children to feel divided loyalty. They encourage visits, talk kindly of the other parent in the children's presence, and set aside their own negative feelings to avoid causing the children distress. They are sensitive to the children's needs and encourage positive feelings toward the other parent. This outcome is the goal.

However, any number of events can destroy the fragile balance of peace between parents. If this happens, an injured parent may seek comfort by aligning with the children, especially since be or she may feel threatened by the children's love for the other parent. A pattern of alienation usually begins without any malicious or conscious intent to harm or destroy the relationship between the other parent and the children. Though most parents mean well, they are often unaware of how subtle behaviors and comments can hurt the relationship between the children and the targeted parent. Alienating parents however learn how to manipulate and use their children to hurt the other parent on purpose, and with a vengeance. This can include anything from outright telling the children their other parent does not love them and does not want to be with them, to destroying and hiding communication from the other parent, to simply refusing to act as a 'parent' when a child does not want to spend time with, or is rude to, the other, and empowering their child to do as they wish.

In 1994, approximately 2.4+ million North Americans obtained divorces, including the parents of more than one million children under the age of eighteen. Nearly as many unmarried couples with children will separate. Thanks to sky-high divorce rates and recent increases in the number and viciousness of child custody battles, there has been a marked increase in parental alienation. Children suffer from a breakup because they are torn, trapped, precariously balanced, as if one wrong move could cost them all their parents' love and acceptance. This can easily lead to disastrous effects on children. Various studies show that youngsters exposed to even mildly alienating behaviors may have trouble learning, concentrating, relaxing, or getting along with their peers. They have been known to develop physical symptoms and/or serious behavior problems. Clearly then, parental alienation is a threat to the mental and emotional health of a child.

Some early signs of Parental Alienation:

• Children perceive one parent as causing financial problems of the other parent
• Children appear to have knowledge of details relating to the legal aspects of the divorce or separation
• Children show sudden negative change in their attitude toward a parent/guardian
• Children appear uneasy around target parent - they resort to "one word" answers and fail to engage openly in conversations as they previously have done
• Children are uncharacteristically rude and/or belligerent to target parent
• Access time is not occurring as agreed upon or court ordered - visitation is being unilaterally cut back by the other parent
• Hostile Aggressive Parent (HAP) parent undermines the other parent or speaks disparagingly about other parent in the presence of the children
• HAP parent starts making reference to other parent as being abusive and a risk to the children with no apparent good reason
• Allowing children to choose whether or not to visit a parent, even though the court has not empowered the parent or children to make that choice;
• Telling the children about why the marriage failed and giving them the details about the divorce or separation settlement;
• Refusing the other parent access to medical and school records or schedules of extracurricular activities;
• Blaming the other parent for not having enough money, changes in lifestyle, or other problems in the children's presence;
• Rigid enforcement of the visitation schedule for no good reason other than getting back at the other parent;
• False allegations of sexual abuse, drug and alcohol use or other illegal activities by the other parent;
• Asks the children to choose one parent over the other;
• Reminding the children that the children have good reason to feel angry toward their other parent;
• Setting up temptations that interfere with visitation;
• Giving the children the impression that having a good time on a visit will hurt the parent;
• Asking the children about the other parent's personal life;
• 'Rescuing' the children from the other parent when there is no danger.

To read more about Parental Alienation, Hostile Aggressive Parenting, go to our Articles page.